quotation

SUPPORTING SENTENCE BY QUOTATION
Direct Quotation
Another person exact words are repeated and are enclosed in quotation
Indirect Quotation
The speaker’s word are repeated without quotation marks
DIRECT QUOTATION
REPORTING VERBS AND PHRASES
à are used to introduce quotation or another borrowed information ( such as statistics)
THE COMMON REPORTING FORM
According to insist
claim maintain
declare mention
report say state suggest write
Some rules of reporting verbs and phrases
State before, middle, and after quotation
Used without the subordinator as
Any tense
According to can be used in place of a reporting verb, use quotation marks if you are quoting someone’s word exactly
Include the source of the quotation in your sentence
Note : See DQ model & example in a paper


Punctuating Direct Quotations
Quotation marks are always used in pairs, place a comma between the reporting phrase and the quotation. Put quotation marks before and after the actual word quoted. Normally, place commas ( and periods ) before the first mark and also before the second mark in a pair.
• Capitalize the first word of the quotation as well as the first word of
the sentence.
• If you break a quotation into two parts, enclosed both parts in quotation
marks and separate the parts with comma. Capitalize only the first word of
the sentence.
• If you omit part of a direct quotation, use an ellipsis (….)
• If you have a good reason to add words of your own to the original, put
brackets [ ] around the words that you have added
• Periods and commas go inside quotation marks
• Colons and semicolons go outside quotation marks
• Exclamation points ( ! ) and question marks (?) go inside quotation marks if
there are a part of the quotation; other wise, they go outside.
• When a quoted sentences is divided into two parts, the second parts begins
with small letter unless it is a new sentence
• Use single quotation marks (‘…….’) to enclose a quotation within a quotation
• Change pronouns as necessary
( for further example in paper )
• Sequences of tenses rules
- If the reporting verb is in a past tense, the verbs
in an indirect quotation may change tense
according to the following rules:
( See in paper )
- When the quoted information is in a fact or a
general truth, the verb tense in the quotation
does not change
•When the reporting verb is simple present, present perfect or future, the verb
tense in the quotation does not change
•When the reporting phrase is according to, the verb tense does not change
Assignment
1.Find out some quotations from some sources, Change Direct quotations to
Indirect Quotations, analyze and explain based on the course topic ! At
least ten quotations.
2.Write two short paragraphs in Direct and Indirect Quotations for support, analyze
it if necessary !
( See for further example in paper)
3. Do your assignment by typing and put on a map as your individual document
assignment.